Have you ever ever questioned what these low partitions surrounding the perimeters of flat roofs are referred to as? They’re referred to as parapets, and so they serve a vital position in guaranteeing the security, stability, and longevity of flat roof techniques. Parapet roofs supply a spread of advantages that make them a preferred selection amongst constructing house owners and designers alike.
Parapet roofs characteristic low barrier partitions round their edges, which assist conceal rooftop tools, forestall accidents, and shield in opposition to wind-uplift. In line with the Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC), parapets should be at the least 30 inches tall from the purpose the place the wall and roof floor intersect. Nevertheless, OSHA tips suggest a peak of 42 inches for optimum security and fall safety.
To make sure the effectiveness of parapet partitions, it’s important to put in a weather-proofing membrane, flashing/coping, and steady insulation. These parts work collectively to forestall moisture injury and power leakage, sustaining the integrity of the roof perimeter guard and the constructing as a complete.
Parapet roofs supply a sensible resolution for constructing house owners trying to improve roof security, enhance aesthetics, and shield their funding. By understanding the benefits and correct set up methods for parapet partitions, you can also make an knowledgeable resolution when contemplating such a roofing system to your subsequent challenge.
Key Takeaways
- Parapet roofs characteristic low barrier partitions that present security, stability, and safety in opposition to wind-uplift.
- The Worldwide Constructing Code requires parapets to be at the least 30 inches tall, whereas OSHA recommends a peak of 42 inches for optimum security.
- Putting in a weather-proofing membrane, flashing/coping, and steady insulation is essential for stopping moisture injury and power leakage.
- Parapet partitions can improve the aesthetics of a constructing whereas additionally serving sensible functions.
- Understanding the benefits and correct set up methods for parapet roofs is crucial for making knowledgeable choices when contemplating such a roofing system.
What’s a Parapet Roof?
A parapet roof is a particular architectural characteristic that provides each practical and aesthetic advantages. It’s primarily a low wall that extends above the roof aircraft, offering an additional layer of safety and security. Parapet roofs are generally present in industrial and residential buildings, serving as efficient obstacles in opposition to the weather and potential hazards.
Definition and Key Traits
The defining attribute of a parapet roof is the presence of a low wall or barrier that runs alongside the sting of the roof. This wall, referred to as the parapet, sometimes ranges in peak from 30 to 42 inches, as specified by the Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC) and OSHA tips. The parapet wall not solely gives a bodily barrier but in addition enhances the general stability and wind resistance of the roof construction.
Parapet roofs supply a number of key benefits, together with:
- Enhanced roof edge safety and fall prevention
- Elevated roof stability and wind-uplift resistance
- Improved hearth safety by stopping flames from reaching the roof membrane straight
- Aesthetic enchantment and the power to hide rooftop tools
Widespread Supplies Utilized in Parapet Development
Parapet partitions may be constructed utilizing a wide range of constructing supplies, every providing distinctive advantages and aesthetics. The commonest supplies utilized in parapet development embrace:
- Stone parapets: Identified for his or her sturdiness and timeless enchantment, stone parapets add a contact of magnificence to any constructing.
- Brick parapets: Brick parapets supply a traditional look and wonderful hearth resistance, making them a preferred selection for a lot of buildings.
- Bolstered concrete parapets: Concrete parapets present distinctive energy and may be simply personalized to swimsuit numerous architectural kinds.
- Metallic parapets: Light-weight and low-maintenance, metallic parapets are sometimes utilized in fashionable and industrial constructing designs.
| Materials | Benefits | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Stone | Sturdiness, timeless enchantment | Heavy, costly |
| Brick | Traditional look, hearth resistance | Requires expert labor |
| Bolstered Concrete | Distinctive energy, customizable | Liable to cracking over time |
| Metallic | Light-weight, low-maintenance | Much less fire-resistant than different supplies |
Whereas the IBC doesn’t specify a minimal thickness for parapet partitions, specialists suggest a thickness of at the least six inches to make sure structural integrity and long-term sturdiness. By understanding the important thing traits and supplies utilized in parapet roof development, constructing house owners and managers could make knowledgeable choices when designing or sustaining these important architectural options.
A Transient Historical past of the Parapet Roof
Parapet roofs have been an integral a part of architectural design for hundreds of years, with their origins relationship again to historic occasions. The historical past of parapet roofs is an interesting journey that spans throughout continents and numerous architectural kinds, showcasing the evolution of this important constructing aspect.
Origins in Historic Structure
The usage of parapet roofs may be traced again to at the least 1340 BCE in Egypt in the course of the 18th Dynasty. Archaeological proof means that numerous temples and temple complexes constructed all through this era included parapet roofs as a key architectural characteristic. The traditional Indian science of sculpture, referred to as Shilpa Shastras, additionally features a parapet referred to as hāra, which was usually adorned with miniature pavilions in temple development.
Evolution By the Medieval Interval
Throughout the Medieval Interval (476 – 1450 CE), parapet roofs grew to become a staple of European fortification structure. These parapets have been usually crenellated or featured loopholes, permitting defending archers to fireplace upon invading forces with out exposing themselves to returning hearth. In medieval castles, parapet fortifications have been generally used for army protection, whereas in later artillery forts, parapets have been constructed to be greater and thicker for enhanced safety.
Parapet Roofs in North American Structure
In North America, parapets are a defining characteristic of buildings constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan peoples who inhabited the southwestern area between 100 – 1600 CE. These parapet roofs may be seen closely within the cliff dwellings discovered at Mesa Verde Nationwide Park. The affect of parapet roofs in North American structure continued to develop with the arrival of European settlers.
Spanish and Portuguese colonists launched parapets to North, Central, and South America en masse in the course of the early 1500s, the place they grew to become core components in each the Spanish Colonial and Mission architectural kinds. Later, within the 1700s and 1800s, English, French, Dutch, and German settlers introduced parapets to the jap United States, the place they grew to become defining options of the Georgian, Neoclassical, and Gothic Revival architectural kinds.
| Architectural Model | Interval | Parapet Roof Traits |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish Colonial | sixteenth – nineteenth centuries | Low, plain parapet partitions; usually adorned with ornamental components |
| Mission | 18th – nineteenth centuries | Easy, unadorned parapet partitions; usually manufactured from adobe or stone |
| Georgian | 18th – early nineteenth centuries | Plain parapet partitions; symmetrical and rectangular look |
| Neoclassical | Mid-18th – early twentieth centuries | Ornate parapet partitions; usually that includes balustrades or pediments |
| Gothic Revival | Late 18th – early twentieth centuries | Embattled or crenellated parapet partitions; imitating medieval fortifications |
The Constructing Act of 1707 in London, influenced by hearth dangers, mandated using 18-inch brick parapets surrounding roofs as a substitute of projecting picket eaves. This design selection carried on to many Georgian homes, because it contributed to their classical proportions and symmetrical look.
At this time, plain parapet partitions stay the commonest kind of parapet roof present in fashionable buildings, providing numerous design advantages reminiscent of elevated roof stability, safety in opposition to wind-uplift, enhanced occupant security, hearth safety, and improved aesthetics.
Advantages of a Parapet Roof
Parapet roofs supply quite a few benefits, making them a preferred selection for each residential and industrial buildings. These advantages vary from enhanced roof stability and wind-uplift prevention to safety in opposition to excessive climate, improved occupant security, and hearth safety. By incorporating a parapet roof into your constructing design, you’ll be able to guarantee a safer, sturdy, and aesthetically pleasing construction.
Elevated Roof Stability and Wind-Uplift Prevention
Probably the most vital parapet roof advantages is its potential to offer a barrier in opposition to catastrophic wind occasions. By mitigating strain modifications attributable to wind-uplift, a parapet roof can fortify the general energy and stability of the roof. This added safety is particularly essential in areas susceptible to excessive winds, as it may possibly assist forestall roof collapse or peeling throughout extreme climate situations.
Safety Towards Excessive Climate
Along with wind safety, a parapet roof can even strengthen a constructing’s facade in opposition to hurricanes, thunderstorms, and different damage-causing climate. The parapet acts as a barricade in opposition to storm particles, reminiscent of tree branches, stopping objects from coming into direct contact with the roof. This further layer of safety enhances the resilience of the constructing’s exterior, minimizing the danger of harm throughout excessive climate occasions.
Enhanced Occupant Security
A sufficiently tall parapet, often measuring at the least 42 inches in peak, features equally to a guardrail, decreasing the danger of occupants falling over the aspect of a constructing. This added security characteristic is especially essential for people performing roof upkeep or repairs, because it gives a safe barrier and helps forestall accidents. By enhancing occupant security, a parapet roof can contribute to a safer working surroundings and reduce potential liabilities.
Hearth Safety Advantages
Parapet roofs additionally supply hearth safety advantages, because the parapet extends above the roof aircraft, making a barrier that may cease a fireplace from spreading up the outside of a constructing and igniting the roof membrane. The Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC) mandates that parapet partitions possess the identical fire-resistance ranking as required for the supporting wall, with the uppermost 18 inches constructed of non-combustible supplies. This added hearth safety may also help forestall injury to the roof and surrounding areas, enhancing the general security of the constructing and its occupants.
| Parapet Roof Profit | Description |
|---|---|
| Wind-Uplift Prevention | Parapets present a barrier in opposition to catastrophic wind occasions, mitigating strain modifications and fortifying roof energy. |
| Excessive Climate Safety | Parapets strengthen constructing facades in opposition to hurricanes, thunderstorms, and storm particles, enhancing resilience. |
| Occupant Security | Sufficiently tall parapets (42 inches or extra) act as guardrails, decreasing the danger of falls throughout roof upkeep. |
| Hearth Safety | Parapets prolong above the roof aircraft, making a barrier that may forestall the unfold of fireplace to the roof membrane. |
In abstract, parapet roofs supply a variety of advantages, from elevated roof stability and safety in opposition to excessive climate to enhanced occupant security and hearth safety. By incorporating a well-designed parapet roof into your constructing, you’ll be able to guarantee a safer, sturdy, and visually interesting construction that meets the very best requirements of security and efficiency.
Kinds of Parapet Roof
Parapet roofs are available a wide range of kinds, every with its personal distinctive traits and advantages. From the historic embattled parapet partitions to the trendy perforated and paneled designs, there’s a parapet roof kind to swimsuit each architectural model and practical requirement. On this part, we’ll discover the 4 fundamental sorts of parapet roofs: embattled, plain, perforated, and paneled.
Embattled Parapet Partitions
Embattled parapet partitions, also called crenellated parapets, are a historic kind of parapet roof that originated in historic occasions for army functions. These partitions characteristic alternating excessive and low sections, offering gaps for capturing weapons and better partitions for canopy. Whereas not used for protection, embattled parapets are nonetheless included into fashionable designs for his or her distinctive and visually interesting look.
Plain Parapet Partitions
Plain parapet partitions are the commonest kind of parapet roof in fashionable buildings, notably in city environments. These partitions encompass vertical extensions of the wall on the fringe of a roof, primarily included for security and privateness. In Massachusetts, the place flat roofs are prevalent, roofing firms in Boston usually suggest plain parapet partitions manufactured from concrete for his or her sturdiness and cost-effectiveness.
Perforated Parapet Partitions
Perforated parapet partitions are a contemporary twist on the standard parapet design, that includes ornamental openings or perforations in a repeating sample. These partitions enable mild and air to cross via whereas nonetheless offering a barrier on the roof’s edge. Perforated parapets are favored for his or her potential to boost the aesthetic enchantment of a constructing’s exterior and are sometimes seen in up to date architectural designs.
Paneled Parapet Partitions
Paneled parapet partitions are divided into distinct sections or panels, usually separated by pilasters or different vertical components. This design creates a extra ornate and visually attention-grabbing roofline, including character and depth to a constructing’s facade. Paneled parapets may be present in numerous architectural kinds, from historic to fashionable, and are a wonderful selection for these wanting so as to add an ornamental contact to their parapet roof.
| Parapet Sort | Key Options | Widespread Supplies |
|---|---|---|
| Embattled | Alternating excessive and low sections | Stone, brick, concrete |
| Plain | Vertical extensions of the wall | Concrete, brick, metallic |
| Perforated | Ornamental openings or perforations | Metallic, concrete, brick |
| Paneled | Distinct sections or panels | Stone, brick, metallic, EIFS |
When selecting a parapet roof kind, think about elements such because the constructing’s architectural model, practical necessities, and native constructing codes. By deciding on the best kind of parapet wall, you’ll be able to make sure that your roof not solely seems to be nice but in addition gives the required security, privateness, and safety in opposition to the weather.
Designing Parapets to Meet Constructing Code Necessities
On the subject of parapet design, adhering to constructing code necessities is crucial for guaranteeing the security, stability, and longevity of the construction. The Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC), developed by the Worldwide Code Council, serves because the mannequin code for parapet wall design requirements. It gives tips for numerous points, reminiscent of construction heights, stability, resistance to components, configurations, and anchorage.
Whereas the IBC acts as a basis, it’s essential to notice that every state and native municipality could undertake totally different variations of the code or implement necessities which can be extra stringent or differ from these discovered within the mannequin code. In consequence, it’s essential for architects, engineers, and contractors to familiarize themselves with the particular constructing code necessities relevant to their challenge’s location.
One of many key necessities outlined within the IBC is that every one parapets should possess the identical fire-resistance ranking as that required for the supporting wall. This ensures that the parapet can face up to hearth for a similar length because the wall it’s hooked up to, thereby stopping the unfold of fireplace and sustaining the general integrity of the construction.
Moreover, the IBC mandates that the uppermost 18 inches of the parapet, together with any flashing and coping, should be constructed utilizing non-combustible supplies. This requirement additional enhances the hearth security of the parapet and minimizes the danger of fireplace propagation.
In line with the Worldwide Code Council’s Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC), the mannequin code for parapet wall design requirements influences construction heights, stability, resistance to components, configurations, and anchorage.
To make sure compliance with constructing code necessities, designers and contractors ought to think about the next elements when planning and establishing parapets:
- Top and thickness of the parapet wall
- Structural stability and resistance to wind hundreds
- Correct anchorage and attachment to the supporting wall
- Use of fire-resistant and non-combustible supplies
- Incorporation of climate obstacles and moisture administration techniques
By adhering to the rules set forth within the Worldwide Constructing Code and native constructing laws, professionals can create parapet designs that prioritize security, sturdiness, and code compliance. This not solely ensures the longevity of the construction but in addition protects the well-being of its occupants and the encompassing neighborhood.
Climate Obstacles and Moisture Administration in Parapet Roof
Efficient climate obstacles and moisture administration are important parts of parapet roof design, guaranteeing the longevity and efficiency of the constructing enclosure. Parapet partitions, if uncared for, can face a wide range of points associated to moisture infiltration, reminiscent of corrosion, cracking, spalling, displacement, open joints, and failed flashings. To forestall these issues, it’s essential to implement correct moisture administration methods and choose applicable supplies for parapet development.
The Position of Copings
The primary line of protection for a parapet is the coping, a protecting cap located atop the parapet meeting. Copings are sometimes constructed from moisture-resistant supplies reminiscent of metallic, terra cotta, stone, or precast concrete. To successfully handle moisture, it’s vital to offer enough slope on the highest floor of the coping, directing water onto the roof and away from the facade. Copings with drip edges are notably efficient, as they break the floor stress of water and scale back the danger of it operating down into the wall under.
When designing copings for parapet partitions, think about the next elements:
- Materials choice: Select moisture-resistant supplies that may face up to publicity to the weather.
- Slope: Guarantee enough slope on the highest floor of the coping to direct water onto the roof.
- Drip edges: Incorporate drip edges to interrupt the floor stress of water and stop it from operating down the wall.
- Anchorage: Use corrosion-resistant anchors, reminiscent of stainless-steel, to securely maintain the coping in place.
Cladding Choices for Parapets
In fashionable development, parapets usually characteristic a structural core, reminiscent of concrete masonry models (CMU), brick, concrete, metal, or metallic studs. This core is then clad with outboard and inboard supplies, which may embrace brick, stone, stucco, metallic panels, or exterior insulation and end techniques (EIFS). When deciding on cladding supplies for parapets, it’s important to think about their moisture-resistant properties and guarantee correct detailing for climate resistance.
| Cladding Materials | Benefits | Issues |
|---|---|---|
| Brick | Sturdy, fire-resistant, low upkeep | Requires correct flashing and weep holes for drainage |
| Stone | Aesthetically pleasing, sturdy, low upkeep | Heavy, requires sturdy structural help |
| Stucco | Versatile, cost-effective, energy-efficient | Liable to cracking if not correctly put in or maintained |
| Metallic Panels | Light-weight, sturdy, fire-resistant, simple to put in | Might require extra insulation for thermal efficiency |
| EIFS | Light-weight, energy-efficient, versatile design choices | Requires correct set up and upkeep to forestall moisture points |
By fastidiously deciding on climate obstacles, moisture-resistant supplies, and applicable cladding choices, designers can create parapet roofs that successfully handle moisture and preserve the integrity of the constructing enclosure. Common upkeep and inspection of parapet copings and cladding may also help establish and handle any potential points earlier than they result in extra extreme injury.
The Significance of Correct Sealant and Mortar Joints in Parapet Roofs
Sustaining the integrity of parapet sealant and mortar joints is essential for stopping moisture infiltration and guaranteeing the longevity of parapet roofs. Sealant and backer rods are sometimes put in on the transverse joints between copings to create a water-proof barrier. Nevertheless, if these sealant joints fail, water can simply penetrate the parapet, resulting in a number of points reminiscent of corrosion, cracking, and spalling. Common inspections and immediate alternative of compromised parapet sealant may also help mitigate these issues.
In brick masonry parapets, architects and engineers usually search for indicators of mortar joint deterioration as indicators of underlying points inside the parapet. Softened, cracked, or damaged mortar is continuously attributable to thermal motion of masonry components or freeze/thaw cycles. As masonry development is especially prone to moisture and freeze/thaw injury, addressing mortar joint points promptly is crucial for sustaining the structural integrity of the parapet.
When repairing mortar joints, it’s essential to pick out an applicable restore mortar that matches the present mortar in coloration, profile, hardness, and texture. That is particularly essential for historic buildings, the place sustaining a constant look is a precedence. The Brick Business Affiliation (BIA) Technical Word 46, “Upkeep of Brick Masonry,” gives worthwhile tips for formulating, testing, putting in, and tooling repointing mortar.
| Part | Perform | Widespread Points |
|---|---|---|
| Parapet Sealant | Prevents moisture infiltration at transverse joints between copings | Failure resulting from age, publicity, or improper set up |
| Parapet Mortar Joints | Bonds masonry models collectively and gives structural stability | Deterioration attributable to thermal motion or freeze/thaw cycles |
In abstract, correct upkeep of parapet sealant and mortar joints is crucial for stopping moisture infiltration and guaranteeing the long-term efficiency of parapet roofs. By addressing these points promptly and deciding on applicable restore supplies, constructing house owners and managers can prolong the lifetime of their parapets and keep away from expensive repairs down the road.
In-Wall Flashings: A Vital Part of Parapet Roof Design
In-wall flashings play an important position in parapet roof design, serving as a seamless transition between the vapor barrier inside the parapet wall and the roof meeting. These flashings are essential for stopping moisture infiltration and guaranteeing the long-term efficiency of the parapet. In line with the Nationwide Roofing Contractors Affiliation (NRCA) Roofing Guide, in-wall flashings must be positioned at the least eight inches above the completed roof meeting to permit enough peak for the set up of roof flashings, insulation, and membranes, whereas additionally offering safety from snow accumulation.
Underneath-Coping Flashings
Underneath-coping flashings are a secondary layer sandwiched between the coping stone and wall meeting, additional mitigating the infiltration of water into the parapet wall. These flashings must be comprised of corrosion-resistant metallic, with any penetrations, reminiscent of anchors, correctly sealed. Whereas under-coping flashings present an efficient technique of stopping moisture from getting into the wall, they’ve a direct impression on the looks of the parapet. Generally, a steady, shiny drip edge is seen beneath the coping, which might not be fascinating from an aesthetic standpoint or permitted for historic and landmark buildings topic to evaluate.
Flashings on the Parapet-Roof Transition
The transition between the parapet and roof is a vital level within the design of a parapet roof. In-wall flashings at this juncture present a seamless transition between the vapor barrier inside the parapet wall and the roof meeting. The right set up of those flashings is crucial to forestall moisture infiltration and make sure the long-term efficiency of the parapet and roof system.
| Flashing Sort | Perform | Materials |
|---|---|---|
| Underneath-Coping Flashings | Secondary layer to mitigate water infiltration | Corrosion-resistant metallic |
| In-Wall Flashings | Seamless transition between vapor barrier and roof meeting | Varies primarily based on parapet and roof supplies |
In fashionable development, parapets are constructed of various supplies, starting from strengthened concrete to masonry to metal. Every state and native municipality could undertake totally different variations of the Worldwide Constructing Code for parapet design laws, making it essential to seek the advice of native constructing codes when designing and putting in parapet flashings.
Neglecting parapet flashings can result in a wide range of weather-related points, together with moisture infiltration, corrosion, cracking, spalling, displacement, open joints, and failed flashings. By guaranteeing the correct design and set up of under-coping flashings and flashings on the parapet-roof transition, architects and builders can considerably improve the efficiency and longevity of parapet roofs.
Sustaining and Repairing Parapet Roofs
Common upkeep and immediate repairs are important for preserving the integrity and performance of parapet roofs. With out correct consideration, parapets can develop a spread of points that compromise their potential to guard the constructing and its occupants. Widespread issues embrace moisture infiltration, corrosion, cracking, spalling, displacement, open joints, and failed flashings. These points usually stem from publicity to the weather, insufficient moisture administration, and structural modifications over time.
Widespread Points and Their Causes
Water leakage is a major indicator {that a} roof parapet requires restore, as it may possibly trigger vital injury if left unaddressed. Lacking coverings, cracks, or fallen concrete in parapet partitions must be promptly repaired to forestall water entry. Bulging or sagging partitions recommend improper help and warrant skilled inspection. Particles buildup on the parapet can result in water infiltration and rust, whereas mildew and mildew progress resulting from moisture intrusion can pose well being dangers. Extreme water runoff from a malfunctioning parapet can even injury the constructing’s construction and inside.
Restore Methods and Greatest Practices
To successfully preserve and restore parapet roofs, it’s essential to conduct common inspections, use high-quality supplies, and rent skilled restore providers when needed. The restore course of sometimes includes assessing the injury, eradicating particles, repairing the injury, putting in flashing, changing broken bricks or stones, and making use of sealant. Correct roof floor preparation can be important to make sure thorough cleansing and inspection of the world. By addressing elements that contribute to parapet wall injury, reminiscent of roof aircraft modifications, settlement, and extreme climate, constructing house owners can extend the lifetime of their parapet roofs and reduce the necessity for expensive repairs.
FAQ
Q: What’s the minimal peak requirement for parapets in response to the Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC)?
A: The Worldwide Constructing Code (IBC) requires that parapets be at least 30 inches above the purpose the place the wall and roof floor intersect, although a peak of 42 inches is usually thought of ideally suited for security functions in response to OSHA tips.
Q: What extra parts must be put in with parapet partitions to forestall moisture injury and power leakage?
A: A weather-proofing membrane, flashing/coping, and steady insulation ought to at all times be put in along side parapet partitions to forestall moisture injury and power leakage.
Q: How do parapet roofs shield in opposition to wind-uplift and excessive climate occasions?
A: One of many greatest advantages of a parapet roof is that it gives a barrier to catastrophic wind occasions, which may in flip assist mitigate strain modifications attributable to wind-uplift and thereby fortify the energy of the roof as a complete. Apart from wind, a parapet roof can strengthen a constructing’s facade in opposition to hurricanes, thunderstorms, and different damage-causing climate, whereas additionally offering a barricade in opposition to storm particles like tree branches and blocking objects from coming into direct contact with the roof.
Q: What’s the goal of the coping on a parapet roof?
A: The primary line of protection for a parapet is the coping, a protecting cap located atop the parapet meeting, often constructed of moisture-resistant supplies reminiscent of metallic, terra cotta, stone, or precast concrete. It’s vital to offer enough slope on the highest floor of the coping to direct water onto the roof and never the facade, and to forestall moisture from intruding into the parapet.
Q: What are some widespread points that may come up if a parapet roof is uncared for?
A: If uncared for, a parapet will evince widespread constructing enclosure points, reminiscent of moisture infiltration, corrosion, cracking and spalling, displacement, open joints, and failed flashings. The central concern for parapet partitions is the mitigation and motion of moisture away from the constructing facade.
Q: What’s the position of in-wall flashings in parapet roof design?
A: On the transition between the parapet and roof, in-wall flashings present a seamless transition between the vapor barrier inside the parapet wall and the roof meeting. The Nationwide Roofing Contractors Affiliation (NRCA) Roofing Guide recommends positioning in-wall flashings at the least eight inches above the completed roof meeting to permit enough peak for set up of roof flashings, insulation, and membranes, and to offer safety from snow accumulation.